The theory of cartographic projections and coordinate reference systems: real shape and models of the Earth; ellipsoid and concept of the datum; geographic coordinate systems; projected coordinate system; local and universal coordinate systems; national systems; transformations of the coordinate systems;
GIS – introduction, basic terms, origin, history, recent developments; practical application;
Types of the data: spatial and attribute; attribute data and role of the Data Base; formats of the spatial data;
Acquisition of the spatial data: public domain (servers: WMS, WFS,local country sources, INSPIRE);
GIS software – review (ArcGIS, Quantum GIS, GRASS, SAGA GIS and others);
Geovisalization

GIS software exploration (Quantum GIS); exploration of the spatial data (vector and raster), import – export and conversion tools; data formats;
Acquisition of the spatial data: public domain (servers: WMS, WCS, ArcIMS, ArcGIS, USGS, local country sources); digitising (on screen and tablet) and processing of the output data; attribute data (creating, editing, export – import; working with data bases);
Cartographic projections and reference coordinate systems: defining, processing and transformations;

The fundamentals of the relationship theory. The concept of a data set, the structure of an array in a database (relation, attributes, short circuits (ounces), definitions of an identification array and a key (foreign and main). The concept and application of an index in a database. Database consistency aspects and types, replication. The concept of transaction in a database.
Database systems Database architecture, database services, database functionality. Characteristics of personal databases, client/server databases, characteristics of available databases on the market, data exchange between the database and client applications. File formats of databases.
Spatial data types Spatial data types in TCH text form, TCH binary form. Examples of definitions of 2D spatial elements defined by EWKT (Extended JCC) or EWKB (Extended JCC) The language of data definition and spatial queries. Entry of data into the database using SQL commands and file loading. Verify that the geometry of objects is correct.
Spatial queries. Definitions of spatial queries in SQL language. Basics of raster format in databases. Use of spatial databases in GIS systems The importance of spatial databases in GIS. Connecting to databases in GIS systems.

Working with existing database - SQL project from DQL subset - data selection queries Simple SQL queries - Select manual syntax ... where
Working with existing database - project from SQL subset of DML - data modification queries. Use of Insert, DELETE, UPDATE instructions
Create a new own database - project from SQL language subset DDL - data definition queries. Use of DROP, CREATE, REFERENCES instructions
Project Implementation of dependencies between relation ounces, multiplication of optionality. Database design using View Definition (VIEW). Different types of joints (JOIN). Key concept and other conditions (CONSTRAINTS), keys (PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY), CONSTRAINTS (UNIQUE, NOT NULL, DEFAULT, CHECK). Data import data export from cvs text files, data export (data objection) and data formatting for printing.
Building an exemplary monitoring database. The database should contain tables of measurement points for dates of measurements and measured values. Selective inquiries, data entry forms and reports should be carried out.
Spatial databases Spatial data types in JTS text form, JTS binary form. Examples of definitions of 2D spatial elements defined by EWKT (Extended JCC) or EWKB (Extended JCC). Entry of data into the database using SQL commands and file loading. Verify that the geometry of objects is correct. Geometric functions of PostGIS. Definitions of spatial queries in SQL language. Basics of raster format in databases. Raster tiling and storage methods. Creation and modification of clusters. SQL statements for spatial analysis. Importance of spatial databases in GIS. Connecting to databases in GIS systems. Access to databases.