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Digital Terrain Model, ALS, TLS
Course description sheet

Basic information

Field of study
Geospatial Computer Science
Major
Remote Sensing and GIS
Organisational unit
Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy, and Environmental Engineering
Study level
Second-cycle (engineer) programme
Form of study
Full-time studies
Profile
General academic
Didactic cycle
2024/2025
Course code
DGEITGS.IIi1.07200.24
Lecture languages
English
Mandatoriness
Obligatory
Block
Major Modules
Course related to scientific research
Yes
Course coordinator
Natalia Borowiec
Lecturer
Natalia Borowiec, Antoni Rzonca
Period
Semester 1
Method of verification of the learning outcomes
Completing the classes
Activities and hours
Lectures: 15
Project classes: 30
Number of ECTS credits
3

Course's learning outcomes

Code Outcomes in terms of Learning outcomes prescribed to a field of study Methods of verification
Knowledge – Student knows and understands:
W1 issues of ALS and TLS technology, ALS and TLS conversion, compression and rejestration. GEI2A_W03 Test
W2 issues of spatial reference systems, gravimetric and satellite measurements. GEI2A_W01, GEI2A_W03 Test
W3 rules and algorithms of processing point clouds like filtering, classification and visualization. GEI2A_W03, GEI2A_W05 Test
W4 issues of DTM and DSM. GEI2A_W04 Test
Skills – Student can:
U1 do the conversion and registration of ALS i TLS data. GEI2A_U01 Project
U2 do the operations on ALS and TLS point clouds like filtering and classification. GEI2A_U03 Project
U3 do the generation of ALS i TLS products. GEI2A_U03, GEI2A_U05 Project
U4 do the spatial analyzes on ALS and TLS clouds. GEI2A_U05 Project
Social competences – Student is ready to:
K1 solve problems in an independent and creative way GEI2A_K02, GEI2A_K03 Project

Program content ensuring the achievement of the learning outcomes prescribed to the module

The course is about advanced processing methods of airborne and terrestrial laser data.

Student workload

Activity form Average amount of hours* needed to complete each activity form
Lectures 15
Project classes 30
Preparation for classes 18
Realization of independently performed tasks 10
Examination or final test/colloquium 2
Contact hours 2
Preparation of project, presentation, essay, report 10
Student workload
Hours
87
Workload involving teacher
Hours
45

* hour means 45 minutes

Program content

No. Program content Course's learning outcomes Activities
1.

Preprocessing laser data.

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
2.

Introduction to airborne laser scanning (ALS).: Historical overview, Basics of airborne laser technology.
Elements of the airborne laser system.
Data formats.
Airborne laser scanning in use.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
3.

Automatic and manual filtering of laser data.: Automatic and manual filtering of laser data (points classification ground, vegetation, buildings, etc.).

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
4.

Geometric aspects of aerial laser scanning.: Laser flight plan.
Calibration.
Data alignment process.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
5.

Spatial reference systems in geoinformatic practice.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
6.

DTM and DSM generation based on a point cloud.: Integration of photogrammetric and cartographic data.
DTM and DSM generation.
Generation of derived products.
DTM visualization.

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
7.

Satellite and gravimetry measurements of GPS / INS, global and local systems.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
8.

Orthophotomap generation based on point clouds and non-metric images.

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
9.

Basic operation on airborne cloud of points.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
10.

Three-dimensional modeling of selected objects.: Three-dimensional modeling of buildings, trees, power lines

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
11.

Laser data processing algorithms.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
12.

Basic operations on TLS data.: Point cloud rejestration variants: open source and commercial software review.
Point cloud edition.
Normal vectors generation and aplication.
Point cloud data formats conversion.
Data preperation for further processing and final product generation.

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
13.

TLS technology products generation.: TLS technology products generation:
- orthoscans,
- fly through,
- vectorisation.

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
14.

Introduction to DTM and DSM.: Basic definitions, global and regional projects, algorithms of laser data processing, representations of DTM.
Geomorphometric parameters of DTM: curvature and slopes of the terrain.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
15.

Three-dimensional modeling of selected objects.: Three-dimensional modeling of buildings, trees, power lines.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
16.

Integration of point clouds from ALS and TLS.: Integration of point clouds from ALS and TLS.

U1, U2, U3, U4, K1 Project classes
17.

Three-dimensional modeling of selected objects on TLS data.: Point cloud rejestration variants: open source and commercial software review.
Point cloud edition.
Normal vectors generation and aplication.
Point cloud data formats conversion.
Data preperation for further processing and final product generation.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
18.

TLS technology products.: TLS products.
Their parameters, algorithms, examples.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures
19.

Integration of point clouds from ALS and TLS.: Integration of point clouds from ALS and TLS. Methods and variants.

W1, W2, W3, W4 Lectures

Extended information/Additional elements

Teaching methods and techniques :

Team Based Learning, E-learning, Group work, Discussion, Lectures

Activities Methods of verification Credit conditions
Lectures Test
Project classes Project

Additional info

- Metody nauczania wykorzystywane podczas prowadzenia zajęć: Praca grupowa, Wzajemne ocenianie (Peer assessment),  Uczenie zespołowe (Team Based Leanrnig)

- Przedmiot został ulepszony i rozszerzony dzięki zastosowaniu specjalistycznego oprogramowania zakupionego w ramach programu IDUB D16 „Unowocześnienia laboratoriów i infrastruktury dydaktycznej o wartości jednostkowej nie większej niż 50 tys. zł – II edycja 2024”.

Conditions and the manner of completing each form of classes, including the rules of making retakes, as well as the conditions for admission to the exam

Attendance at lecture – not necessary. Two absence from classes is possible. If more absence occurs a student needs to give an extra paper in order get positive grade.

Method of determining the final grade

The final grade is the weighted average of the final test – FT and project grades – P. Final grade = 0.6*FT+0.4*P The project grade - P is the arithmetic average of all projects, on condition that each project was passed as a positive grade. The student may retake the final test twice. The grade of final test - FT is arithmetic average of all correction terms.

Manner and mode of making up for the backlog caused by a student justified absence from classes

The way to make up the absence of classes: consultations

Rules of participation in given classes, indicating whether student presence at the lecture is obligatory

Lectures: Studenci uczestniczą w zajęciach poznając kolejne treści nauczania zgodnie z syllabusem przedmiotu. Studenci winni na bieżąco zadawać pytania i wyjaśniać wątpliwości. Rejestracja audiowizualna wykładu wymaga zgody prowadzącego. Project classes: Studenci wykonują prace praktyczne mające na celu uzyskanie kompetencji zakładanych przez syllabus. Ocenie podlega sposób wykonania projektu oraz efekt końcowy.

Literature

Obligatory
  1. Shan J., Toth Ch. K., 2009. Topographic laser ranging and scanning. Principles and Processing. CRC Press. Boca Raton, London, New York 2009.
  2. Kurczyński Z., 2014. Fotogrametria. PWN Warszawa.

Scientific research and publications

Publications
  1. Twardowski M., Marmol U., 2012. Wizualizacja i przetwarzanie chmury punktów lotniczego skaningu laserowego. Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji. vol. 23 s. 457–466.
  2. Marmol U., Mikrut S., 2012. Attempts at automatic detection of railway head edges from images and laser data. Image Processing & Communications : an International Journal vol. 17 no. 4 s. 151–160.
  3. Marmol U., 2010. The two-stage filtering of airborne laser data in a frequency domain. Geodesy and Cartography vol. 59 no. 2 s. 83–97.
  4. Borowiec N.: Polyhedral building model from airborne laser scanning data; Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 4/10, AGH – Kraków 2010.